The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne - 2044 Words

The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne was set during the 1600s in a New England town during what is now known as the Puritan past of America. In the novel, the Puritan religion was not only observed but criticized as well. During this time, the Puritans were an extremely religious group of Protestants that were known for their intolerance of other religions and their strict guidelines for a righteous lifestyle that often lead to violence or cruel forms of punishment. Nathaniel Hawthorne is a perfect portrayal of a Puritan historian because he himself was born as a Puritan and witnessed first-hand the extreme pressures associated with the Puritan religion to include arguments about the Puritan society and the treatment endured within the religion. Although The Scarlet Letter was set in the 1600s, the novel was written in the 1840s and dealt with issues during the Antebellum Era specifically when it came to the Women’s Movement and the Second Great Awakening. In The Scarlet Letter, the Puritan inspiration, religious language, and association between Godly doings and evil done by the devil are due to the author’s background and sets up the framework of the setting. Born into the Puritan religion, Nathaniel Hawthorne, is a primary source of information about the persecutions that occurred due to the Puritan religion and how there was no separation between Church and State. Hawthorne was able to highlight how the Puritans were persecuted in England because they wereShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1242 Words   |  5 PagesLYS PAUL Modern Literature Ms. Gordon The Scarlet Letter The scarlet letter is book written by Nathaniel Hawthorne who is known as one the most studied writers because of his use of allegory and symbolism. He was born on July 4, 1804 in the family of Nathaniel, his father, and Elizabeth Clark Hathorne his mother. Nathaniel added â€Å"W† to his name to distance himself from the side of the family. His father Nathaniel, was a sea captain, and died in 1808 with a yellow fever while at sea. That was aRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne960 Words   |  4 Pages3H 13 August 2014 The novel, The Scarlet Letter, was written by the author Nathaniel Hawthorne and was published in 1850 (1). It is a story about the Puritan settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, set around 1650 (2). The story is written in the third person with the narrator being the author. The common thread that runs through this novel is Hawthorne’s apparent understanding of the beliefs and culture of the Puritans in America at that time. But Hawthorne is writing about events in a societyRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne919 Words   |  4 Pagessymbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†. Symbolism is when an object is used in place of a different object. Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most symbolic writers in all of American history. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the letter â€Å"A† is used to symbolize a variety of different concepts. The three major symbolistic ideas that the letter â€Å"A† represents in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† are; shame, guilt, and ability. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the firstRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1397 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2016 The Scarlet Letter was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850 which is based on the time frame of the Puritans, a religious group who arrived in Massachusetts in the 1630’s. The Puritans were in a religious period that was known for the strict social norms in which lead to the intolerance of different lifestyles. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the puritan’s strict lifestyles to relate to the universal issues among us. The time frame of the puritans resulted in Hawthorne eventually thinkingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne999 Words   |  4 Pages Nathaniel Hawthorne is the author of the prodigious book entitled The Scarlet Letter. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne commits adultery with Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Her husband, Roger Chillingworth, soon finds out about the incident after it becomes clear that she is pregnant. The whole town finds out and Hester is tried and punished. Meanwhile, Roger Chillingworth goes out then on a mission to get revenge by becoming a doctor and misprescribing Dimmesdale. He does this to torture DimmesdaleRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthat human nature knows right from wrong, but is naturally evil and that no man is entirely â€Å"good†. Nathaniel Hawthorne, author of the classic novel The Scarlet Letter, believes that every man is innately good and Hawthorne shows that everyone has a natural good side by Hester’s complex character, Chillingworth’s actions and Dimmesdale’s selfless personality. At the beginning of the Scarlet Letter Hester Prynne is labeled as the â€Å"bad guy†. The townspeople demand the other adulterer’s name, butRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1517 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne composes Pearl as a powerful character even though she is not the main one. Her actions not only represent what she is as a person, but what other characters are and what their actions are. Hawthorne makes Pearl the character that helps readers understand what the other characters are. She fits perfectly into every scene she is mentioned in because of the way her identity and personality is. Pearl grows throughout the book, which in the end, help the readers better understandRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1488 Words   |  6 Pages In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter, the main character, Hester Prynne, is a true contemporary of the modern era, being cast into 17th century Puritan Boston, Massachusetts. The Scarlet Letter is a revolutionary novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne examining the ugliness, complexity, and strength of the human spirit and character that shares new ideas about independence and the struggles women faced in 17th century America. Throughout the novel, Hester’s refusal to remove the scarlet letterRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1319 Words   |  6 PagesPrynne and Arthur Dimmesdale are subject to this very notion in Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter. Hester simply accepted that what she had done was wrong, whereas Dimmesdale, being a man of high regard, did not want to accept the reality of what he did. Similar to Hester and Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth allows his emotions to influence his life; however, his influence came as the result of hi s anger. Throughout the book, Hawthorne documents how Dimmesdale and Hester s different ways of dealingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1714 Words   |  7 PagesSome two hundred years following the course of events in the infamous and rigid Puritan Massachusetts Colony in the 1600s, Nathaniel Hawthorne, descendant of a Puritan magistrate, in the 19th century, published The Scarlet Letter. Wherein such work, Hawthorne offered a social critique against 17th Massachusetts through the use of complex and dynamic characters and literary Romanticism to shed light on said society’s inherent contradiction to natural order and natural law. In his conclusive statements

Essay on Use of Symbolism in Chopin’s The Awakening

Use of Symbolism in Chopin’s The Awakening --Passage from Chapter X, pgs. 49-50 â€Å"But that night she was like the little tottering, stumbling, clutching child, who all of a sudden realizes its powers, and walks for the first time alone, boldly and with over-confidence. She could have shouted for joy. She did shout for joy, as with a sweeping stroke or two she lifted her body to the surface of the water. A feeling of exultation overtook her, as if some power of significant import had been given her to control the working of her body and her soul. She grew daring and reckless, overestimating her strength. She wanted to swim far out, where no woman had swum before. She turned her face seaward to gather in an impression of space and†¦show more content†¦It is an exciting moment because it is one of the first times that Edna Pontellier, the protagonist, feels giddy with herself and her accomplishments. In the preceding passage, Edna Pontellier swims for the first time by herself. Much is symbolized and foreshadowed in this passage. Throughout the summer, Edna’s husband, Mr. Pontellier, and many other people have been trying to teach her. However, Edna was never able to swim with the help of others. The fact that she finally is able to swim unaided symbolizes Edna’s awakening sense of independence and self-reliance. The ocean parallels Edna’s feelings. It is described with diction such as â€Å"space and solitude†, â€Å"vast expanse† and â€Å"unlimited.† The words â€Å"significant import†¦given her to control the working of her body and her soul† also support this. Edna realizes she is in control of herself and can attain happiness by her own means. Similarly, the control Edna has over her body suggests her awakening sense of sexuality. It is around the time of this swim that Edna acutely develops feelings for Robert LeBrun. The ocean that Edna swims in could also symbolize her awakening as a rebirth of herself. She is described as a â€Å"tottering, stumbling, clutching child† when in the water. Throughout the novel, Edna is often portrayed as a child. Rather than slowly easing into her independence at a rate that she could handle and control, Edna seems to throw herself into it as a childShow MoreRelated The Transformation of Edna Pontellier in The Awakening Essay950 Words   |  4 Pageshappen- something, anything: she did not know what† (Chopin). In Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, the reader is introduced to Edna Pontellier, a passionate, rebellious woman. Throughout the novel, it becomes apparent how unsettled Edna feels about her life. The reader can identify this by her thoughts, desires, and actions, which are highly inappropriate for an affluent woman of the time. In the novel, Edna has an awakening and finds the courage to make the changes she sees necessary. Kate ChopinRead MoreA Solitary Soul By Kate Chopin1995 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to Chopin’s official website published by the Kate Chopin International Society in which biographers and editors detail information of the authors life, works, and commonly asked questions, Chopin was 49 years old at the time that The Awakening was published. This novel was originally titled A Solitary Soul, but was changed just prior to publication. Though today this novel is heavily studied and appreciated by scholars and critics alike, this positive outlook on Chopin’s deeply symbolicRead MoreEssay about The Awakening1491 Words   |  6 Pages The Awakening nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The novel, The Awakening by Kate Chopin, was written in the late nineteenth century in St. Louis after her husband Oscar died of a severe illness. Her book appeared in 1899, after she was idolized by many novels written by Darwin and Sarah Orne Jewett. Her first attempts at writing were just brief sketches for a local newspaper that was only short descriptions of her life in Louisiana. However, Chopin’s interests had always run along more risky linesRead More Symbolism in Kate Chopins The Awakening Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesSymbolism in Kate Chopins The Awakening Chopins The Awakening is full of symbolism.   Rather than hit the reader on the head with blunt literalism, Chopin uses symbols to relay subtle ideas.   Within each narrative segment, Chopin provides a symbol that the reader must fully understand in order to appreciate the novel as a whole.   I will attempt to dissect some of the major symbols and give possible explanations as to their importance within the text.   Art itself is a symbol of both freedomRead More Awakening1 Essay1262 Words   |  6 PagesAwakening1 THE AWAKENING The contrast between an urban and a tropical setting represents the awakening that the protagonist experiences in Kate Chopins classic novel, The Awakening. At Grand Isle Edna becomes conscious of her restrictive marriage in a male dominated society. Her awakening originates with her experiences at Grand Isle but fully develops upon her return to the city, where she completes her transformation from her roles as wife and mother to an independent woman. The settingRead More Essay on The Awakening712 Words   |  3 Pagesof The Awakening      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Awakening, written by Kate Chopin, is full of ideas and understanding about human nature. In Chopins time, writing a story with such great attention to sensual details in both men and women caused skepticism among readers and critics. However, many critics have different views with deeper thought given to The Awakening. Symbolism, the interpretation of Ednas suicide, and awakenings play important roles in the analysis of all critics.    Symbolism in TheRead MoreAnalysis Of The Awakening 1032 Words   |  5 PagesIn Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, she writes about a woman’s desire to find and live fully within her true self during the 1890s in Louisiana. The woman, Edna Pontellier, is trying to find herself in the masculine society of Louisiana, leading her to cause friction with friends, family and the Creole society. Edna begins to feel a change; she begins to feel like a whole person with wants, interests and desires. She learns that she is not comfortable with being a wife and mother. The imagery of theRead MoreWhat Is Edna Pontelliers Symbolism InThe Awakening?1120 Words   |  5 Pages Page 1 of 3 ZOOM In Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, the main character, Edna Pontellier surrenders something extremely important: her life. She becomes very self-aware and secretly stands for women being independent from common gender roles and expectations, later realizing that society wants the exact opposite. This highlights several of Edna’s values, including her freedom, her art, and her sexuality.Throughout the novel, Edna Pontellier finds herself being held back because ofRead MoreKate Chopin s The Awakening1522 Words   |  7 PagesKate Chopin’s Use of Feminist Symbolism in The Awakening It is a bird, it is a plane, it is Edna! Edna Pontellier, a woman who challenges the patriarchal society, undergoes many hardships and development in Kate Chopin’s The Awakening. In the beginning of the novel, Edna is misunderstood and caged, depicted as a parrot. As the novel develops, Edna desires to soar above the patriarchal society and believes she has the ability to do so. Later, Edna moves into the ‘pigeon house’, attempting to escapeRead MoreArchetypes in Siddhartha889 Words   |  4 Pagesapproaches to convey the theme of the novel, Hesse appeals to the readers senses and aides them in grasping the novel. Included in these techniques are symbolism, metaphor, allusion, and archetypes. He compares many issues that Siddhartha faces to everyday objects and forces, making the novel easier to understand. Three of the main archetypes Hesse uses to get his point across are trees, rivers, and sleep. One of the more obvious symbols used in the novel is a tree. Cross-culturally, it is extremely

Module 3 Free Essays

Forecasting Highline Financial Service offers three types of service to its client. Managing partner, Freddie Mack would like to arrange the financial and staffing for the upcoming year. The data has shown that there is fluctuation with regards to each service the company offers Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Module 3 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mack would like to estimate future demand for services, keeping in mind that advertising, promotion and competition will remain constant at current rate. The data covers the company’s last eight quarters (2 years) and does not include any information with regards to seasonal trend. The fluctuation of demand in each service is a concern that needs to be addressed. Preparation of the most efficient plan of action for the upcoming year is a key to profit maximization. Highline Financial Services has complied data for their three categories of service from the past eight quarter. The data shows that the demand has been fluctuating with regards to each service. All of the company’s other factors (advertising, promotion, competition, etc. that may affect the demand for each service will remain equivalent to what it’s been in the past (Stevenson, 2012). Based on data provided Service A appears to be increasing annual and should increase over the next four quarters. Service B appears to be decreasing annually and displays signs that it will continue to follow a decreasing pattern over the next four quarters. Service C has an inconsistent quarterly pattern; it appears that the pattern of inconsistency will be followed over the next four quarters. Based on data analysis the best method for forecasting Highline Financial Services for the upcoming year would be the Moving Average (McNamara, 2012). The Moving Average offers the lowest Mean Absolute Deviation ( MAD), lowest means squared error (MSE), and the lowest mean absolute percent error (MAPE) of the two choices selected to forecast. The weighted moving average was not utilized due to the amount of data provide. The ability to access ranking to each quarter would be unjust due to lack of knowledge with regards to the start of the first quarter and seasonal trend information. Utilizing Moving Average techniques to project Highline Financial Services’ for the upcoming year isn’t perfect, but based on the data provided I believe will provide a reasonably good estimate. The Moving average is simple to understand and use, and provided a lower mean absolute percent error. More data is required for Mr. Mack to construct a viable financial and personnel plan for the next four quarters. However, the use of the projected demand coupled with qualitative data, and seasonal trends should provide a solid foundation for an accurate forecast. The demand trends for all three services have been and continue to show patterns of oscillation. The reasons for oscillation should be looked into and addressed in order to ensure that the company will maximize profit. References Stevenson,W. (2012). Operations Management (11th ed. ) McGraw-Hill higher Education publication Chapter 3-Power Point. Operations Management (11th ed. ) McGraw-Hill higher Education publication McNamara,C. Operations Management Retrieved from: managementhelp. org/operationsmanagement/index. htm How to cite Module 3, Papers Module 3 Free Essays

Shylock Villain Or Victim Study Essay Example For Students

Shylock: Villain Or Victim Study Essay Described by many as the most complex character Shakespeare ever created, all view him as a greedy moneylender who cares little for his daughter and whose only concern is to receive his pound of flesh from a respectable merchant. Shylock is not just the stereotypical villain but in spite of this the audience might feel that Shylock is a dignified god fearing man who is driven to revenge by the callous acts of Christians and also the theft of his only child and earned money from a Christian. Including when Shylock goes to seek justice he is degraded and dehumanised in front of his bitter enemies. However, in Shakespearean England anti-Semitism was rife. Jews were widely regarded as evil and the entire community had been expelled from England in 1290 and other countries shortly afterwards. They were not allowed to return until the mid-seventeenth century and therefore, there were no Jews in England in Shakespeares time. Jews were persecuted worldwide and forced to live their lives in ghettos. Audiences from Shakespearean time who were predominately Christians would have been delighted in viewing the Christians defeat him, where as in our todays society is multicultural and diverse hence they may have a much different opinion on this topic. Depicted as a villain to many readers Shylock shows his hatred towards Antonio and Christians evident of this quotation where in the first scene he says in aside to the audience; I hate him for he is a Christian; But more, for that in low simplicity He lends out money gratis, and brings down The rate of usance here with us in Venice; Act I Scene iii. This shows that Shylocks reasons for hating Antonio are not only because he is a Christian and the way he treats Shylock and fellow Jews, but more so the fact that he lends money to people without charging interest, hence which adversely affects Shylocks livelihood. This open display of his greed and hatred makes Shylock immediately an unsympathetic character. Not forgetting the hatred of Jews in that society can also have lead to Shylocks dislike of Christians. Furthermore Shylocks hatred for Antonio can also build up the dislike to Christians due to the fact that Antonio himself is a Christian, which portrays Shylock as narrow-minded, a characteristic associated with archetypical villains. Shylock also displays elements of belligerence in his refusal to ever forgive the Christians. We also learn of his intent regarding Antonios life; If I can catch him once upon the hip, I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him. Act I Scene iii. In todays society Shylocks hatred to Christians and Antonios hatred to Jews can be seen as a modern day racism, which in our society has serious penalties and consequences. However, in the Shakespearean society racism was widespread and one of many factors an average person would judge someone at first glance, would be their religion. This shows the unbearable amount of hatred inside of Shylock but where this hatred amounted from can be elaborated. Conversely it could be argued that Shylock has suffered a lot of racist abuse maybe more often than an average Jew in that society. Shylock has been called names such as evil soul and dog Jew, which portrays severe hatred to Shylock probably due to his occupation of money lending. Does this not show what Shylock would have to bear from fellow citizens? The reader is first introduced to Shylock in Act I Scene iii where the reader learns of the abuse he has suffered at the hands of the Christians. many a time and oft In the Rialto you have rated me Still have I borne it with a patient shrug You call me misbeliever, cut-throat dog, And spet upon my Jewish gabardine Act I Scene iii. This shows how much Shylock has endured from haters. It is possible shown from the evidence of the racist society that the constant verbal abusers would have been Christians therefore it is understandable the hate arising within Shylock. It can also be understandable that a he intends to treat Christians the way they treat him, cursing and spitting on his Jewish gabardine. Is he not human to feel vengeance towards the Christians who hate him? However the immensity of his vengeance can only be assumed by the amount of times Shylock has been abused by a Christian. This shows that there could be extra vengeance personally towards Antonio from Shylock because most of this abuse is from Antonio. Where without remorse, Antonio admits he would readily do this again. Surely no one could blame Shylock for being angry by this deliberate racism. In addition, Antonio lends money to people with no added interest alongside his business of ships and goods, whereas Shylocks only business is of lending money with added interest. Therefore many customers that could have gone to Shylock prefer to go to Antonio. This again can affect the livelihood of Shylock. The Portman Hotel – Case Study EssayFurther more to be mentioned as walking as or belong side the devil, as said by the Christians the Devil here he comes in the likeness of a Jew is worse than being hurled abuse. More so the devil and its likeness of a Jew being mentioned also portrays hate towards Jews. This gives an idea that they may not know Shylock, but because of his religion they are at first glance accusing him of being an outcast, which was previously mentioned in the essay. They also seek to torment him even when he is most vulnerable, such as when Jessica elopes with Lorenzo Salerio and Salanio they taunt him about his losses and mock him; Shylock: You knew, none so well, none so well as you, of my daughters flight. Salerio: Thats certain: I, for my part, knew the tailor that made the wings she flew withal. Act III Scene I. This proves how much Shylock is mocked and has to endure in his life, even after the people closest to him have deserted him. This also shows how open and unsecure Shylock feels as if there is no privacy in his life everyone he turn to knows about his happenings such as his daughter eloping and his money being stolen. Shylock is not able to avenge himself upon Jessica, however seizes the oppurtinity to make the Christians suffer through Antonio instead. This, added to his hatred for Antonio as an individual, gives the perfect oppurtunity for revenge or retribution. Antonios ships sink and therefore he is unable to pay the money he owes to Shylock. This is the oppurtunity Shylock had been waitng for, his retribution towards Christians and Antonio. Shylock is determined that Antonio must abide by the bond they agreed on, which will definitly end with the death of Antonio. The pound of flesh demanded by Shylock in the bond seems inhuman, yet despite many pleas of mercy from Antonio and Friends Shylock is still determined to have what he is entitled to by law. He sits ready with his knife, getting ready to cut the flesh himself in the open court room, he even refuses to allow a surgeon to be present. Is it so nominated in the bond? Shylock is naive in the way that he believes that he can take on the Christians and win when the foundation of Venation law is designed to serve the best interests of the Christians. Shylocks punishment is overly harsh with Antonio forcing him to convert to Christianity. Shylocks life is spared but he may be better off dead because he has nothing to live on, all his wealth has been distributed among his sworn enemies. Sterotypicaly it seems the villain is punished and the threat is over. Although Shylock pursues his revenge fervently he still has the audiences sympathy because of the unfair and harsh punishment he receives. It strikes a modern day audience as grossly unfair that the severity of his punishment reflects not his crime, but his race. He is a victim of the Christians intolerance of other races and ideas. In all, this essay believes that Shylock is merely a Victim who has the right to have vengeance for all he has suffered but instead had been humiliated a racist society in which a Christian will reep awards accusing a Jew. Furthermore, his only daughter elopes with a Christian which is also one of his persecutors. She steals his money and the ring his wife gave him. It seems justified that he should feel betrayed and hurt. Shylock only demanded a bond that Antonio had accepted to and it could be argued that if Antonio was not willing to die, then why did he consent to Shylocks contract or bond in the first place. We can only guess at the way in which Shakespeare intended Shylock to be portrayed. He becomes throughout the play, an increasingly lone figure and is portrayed by Shakespeare to be in some ways very human. This essay feels that Shakespeare intended Shylock to be a victim, however it can also be argued that Shakespeare himself decided to show Shylock completely defeated at the end of the play, and to not even have his religion to hold on to, that indicates Shylock to be to an extent a villain; moreso this essy believes he was created to challenge the pre-conceptions and ideologies of the Elizabethan era. In addition this essay believes that he is not a villain because he inspires too much emapthy in an audience to ever be that. Having said this, This essay feels that it is not productive for us to simply categorise Shylock as either victim or villain. Through Shylock, Shakespeare explores the way in which the line between the oppressed and the oppressor can become vague.

Time to Get Ready for the Summer

With only a month left before school is over, everybody has been thinking of same thing summer.Even though we still have AP testing and Finals yet to do, most of us have already started to plan where and what we are going to do when school ends. Sleeping in and relaxing is on everybody’s minds, but as summer approaches, taking advantage of the abundance of time we have would ultimately help us down the road.Internships For upcoming juniors and seniors, getting an internship is a great way to explore career options as well as discovering what your passions are. Not only are you able to gain new skills, but you are also able to enhance your college applications and might be paid as well. There are many internship opportunities geared towards high school students and a variety of them are virtual making it easier to work around your summer schedule. Community Service If you are not ready to devote most of your day to classes or a job, but still want to do something productive for the summer, community service is what you should do. Not only will you be helping the community but also, you might enjoy your volunteer work to the point where you want to continue. If you are having problems finding a job to do, www.volunteermatch.org is a great tool for finding where to volunteer as well as choosing what you would like to do. Summer School Summer school is not only to make up credits; it can also be used to get ahead in your classes. If you are struggling in deciphering between two classes to take next year or would like to have a free period in your schedule, check the list of classes offered at your school or within your district. SAT/ACT Test Prep For upcoming juniors, taking a SAT/ACT prep class would be vital for the upcoming year. If you do not plan to take a prep class, if would still be of your best interest to buy a test prep book and self-study. Since the PSAT, SAT, and the ACT all have similar concepts and are offered during the beginning of the year, by practicing over the summer, you could save yourself some time by being prepared and taking all of the tests within the same month. But of course, you could always take the tests later on during the year. College Tours If you are not interested in taking classes, helping your community, or applying for an internship, but are still interested in doing something productive during the summer, taking a college campus tour would fit your needs. Even if your dream college is across the country, check out a local college near you just to get a feel for the college atmosphere. ​What will you be doing this summer? Comment below and let us know!

Business Case Study Tips

Business Case Study Tips Case studies are essays that students are often asked to write. Here you will find some useful tips that may help you in writing your Business case study. The purpose of any case study essay is providing a thorough analysis of a certain situation while pointing out certain facts and concepts about the issue in the case study, and also predicting the outcome of future situations, based on findings from the case study. For a business student, knowledge of business case study tips is important because these tips can enable a student to construct an awesome business case study essay. The first tip is understanding the case study and what is expected from its findings. A case study essay is an analytical paper, which entails carrying out extensive research and making use of concepts, theories, and knowledge to write about the findings of the research session. Case study essays usually highlight common problems of certain fields of study. Examining these problems on a deep level aims at providing robust solutions to the problems. Most studies are written with the aim of providing solutions to problems that are known in a certain field. The steps that one should take when writing a good case study is to first determine what the case study is all about. You can always think about issues discussed in class or problems discovered while studying for tests in your field of study. You can also check out information in your college library or even check the internet for interesting questions on which to base your case study. Once you have checked out several sources and determined the problem for which you are interested in conducting a case study, you should then read as many books, magazines, journals, and other important sources on the subject. As you read these sources, always take notes, which will assist you in keeping track of the sources as you begin writing the essay and citing the information for referencing. You should then select focus on an organization, individuals or a company currently facing the research problem on which to base your study. Then you can plan interviews with key people of these entities to obtain primary data on the problem and possible solutions to the problem. If you decide to interview individuals, you should ensure that all the people you interview are involved with the organization that you are writing about. You should then begin interviewing these individuals in a random order, to gather as many divergent views as possible. While conducting the interviews, you could also try asking the interviewees what they have done to solve the problem and also their feelings about the problem and what they might do differently when given the mandate to find a solution to the problem being studied. An alternative to these tips is to buy a sample business case study essay from our web site and see for yourself how a business case study essay is written. Once you place an order, our support team will review it and send it to a competent writer, who has experience in the needed field. Just visit CustomWritings.com case study service now!

How Plastic Bags Affect our Environment Research Paper

How Plastic Bags Affect our Environment - Research Paper Example astic bags pose to our environment and understand that continuing using plastic bags can even leads to endangerment of marine organisms and other wildlife. Plastics are everywhere and its properties are toxic and poison. Plastic bags should be banned in retail shops because it affects the environment and using alternative solutions that help to reduce using plastic bags. Millions of tonnes of plastic are produced every year. In fact the single used plastic bags have become a popular choice for shoppers and consumers ever since they were introduced in the 1940s. In the 1970s Single Use Plastic bags (SUPB) also known as high density polyethylene bags rose to popularity and they are in use even to this date. Today, almost 1.5 trillion tonnes of SUPBs are used annually around the world while in the U.S. alone about 100 billion are used (Equinox Centre, 2013). Chemically, the normal plastic bag is made up of high density polyethylene. Several monomers make up the bags. Plastic bags contain several additive and chemicals which imparts special characteristics to the bags. Chemicals such as Bisphenol A, Phatlates and Brominated flame retardants are some of the chemicals added to plastic products. In spite of the several problems associated with plastic bags, retail shops continue to use them since they are cheap to produce and are extremely durable and handy. They are also light weight and easy to carry which makes them extremely popular. In the last few decades several studies had focused on the adverse effects that plastic bag usage has had on the environment and on the health of humans and animals. Plastic bans have been the most popular carrying medium among U.S. citizens. Plastic bags are primarily produced by the burning of the fossil fuels. Almost 12 million barrels of oil is required for production of plastic bags in the U.S. alone ((Equinox Centre, 2013). But, the global prevalence of plastic bags included the long life span of plastic bags, littering of bags

The Human Genome Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

The Human Genome Project - Essay Example The Human Genome Project began in 1990, with the aim of establishing the DNA sequence of the whole euchromatic human genome in a period of 15 years . At the initial stage, the project was filled with scepticism from scientists and even ordinary people. One major issue raised was whether the enormous finances involved in the project would result in corresponding benefits. Nonetheless, the great success of the project is clear, the completion of Human Genome project brought a new age in medicine and also resulted in major advancements in the forms of technology applied in sequence DNA . The U.S National Institute of Health (NIH) and Department of Energy funded the launch of Human Genome project in 1990.   The labs of this project worked with international collaborators and they were able to resolve 95% of the sequence of DNA in human genome in a period of 15 years. Similarly, John Sulston in association with his colleagues at the MRC‘s laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambrid ge in the UK were working at mapping the genome of the nematode worm for a number of years. From their findings, they revealed that sequencing the entire genome of the worm was feasible . Human Genome Project in the US, it progressed well in its operations. In the United Kingdom, the MRC approached the Wellcome Trust and proposed for a new partnership to enable them get funds to facilitate the worm sequence project that John had proposed. After this proposal, things began to move quickly because the Wellcome Trust embarked its operations.

Evaluate the role played by the therapeutic relationship in any two Essay

Evaluate the role played by the therapeutic relationship in any two psychological therapies - Essay Example This can be in their family, relationships in school (for children and college students) or in dealing with something in society. As they work through these issues around their pain the therapist has to take into consideration that the healing process is often very complicated when the individual is in the process of individual changes. In any therapy office social and psychological factors for each individual will be different. Clients bring everything they know to the setting and it is the therapists job to help the client unravel those situations that appear difficult. Socially, they will bring what they were taught as children. These teachings will revolve around beliefs, attitudes and general thoughts about life in general. Many are attempting to move out of limiting beliefs and take hold of a better life. Psychological factors that they bring can also turn into psychological disorders. These disorders can disrupt many of the processes that an individual goes through when attempting to effect individual change. Social issues that are global are characteristic of the world we live in today. Many people are suffering from depression, anxiety and anger. Also, people are dealing with issues around alcohol abuse, aging and attachment. These issues are present in most societies today because of war and other problems within countries. Global disasters will also cause problems. When there is a national or global disaster many people relate to it whether they are personally involved or not. Sometimes a national disaster can create problems that are latent in individuals. For instance, when 9/11 happened many people were faced with feelings about their own mortality. If they lost a friend or loved one, they had feelings of grief. However, some people had feelings of grief for all of humanity. This type of disaster again can cause depression, anger, grief, feelings of hopelessness and post traumatic stress disorder. Some

Distinguishing personnel management and human resource management

Distinguishing personnel management and human resource management P1: Distinguish between personnel management and human resource management and discuss the historical development and changing context in which they operate?   Personnel Management:      PM is basically an administrative record functioning at operational level. PM attempts to maintain fair terms and conditions of employment while at the same time efficiently managing personnel activities for individual departments and the activities which result ultimately in achieving organizational success. Human Resource Management:- HRM is concerned with carrying out the same functional activities conventionally performed by the personnel function such as HR Planning, Job analysis, recruitment and selection, employee relations, performance management, employee appraisals, compensation management, training and development but it performs these functions in a qualitatively distinct way as compared with personnel management. History of Human Resource Management:-   The concept and name of human resource management has been changed many times throughout the history. The changes were mostly because to the change in social and economic activities throughout the history. Human resource management came to birth when industrial revolution took place in the year 1833 then the industrialist incepted to increase their production and they raised the burden of work on the employees by having 60 hours a week. The workers became fed up of this circumstance and they took decision among themselves to find out the solution for this problem. After this workers were losing interest in their work and they divided in different groups and all this caused less production. The industrialists came to know this, they straggle to satisfy the workers but however the workers were not happy with that and formed their Trade Union. Now the industrialists gave full authority to one manager. In spite of this the problems remained constant because the manager was not able to ha ndle their problems then the workers went to strike for their rights.  Ã‚  This led to the formation of personnel management. Personal management was working only when clashes arise. PM was dealing on bargaining, so this system also failed to motivate the employees, in addition PM was not able to take full control of it. The combination of wartime production demands, government wage price controls and the need to negotiate cooperative agreements forced many companies to expand their personnel staffs and control their HR practices. Such basic HR practices as job classification systems, hiring standards, uniform pay grades and written disciplinary procedures were developed for the first time by many companies.    Another early donor to HRM was called the human relations movement. Two researchers, Elton Mayo and Fritz Roethlisberger included human factors into work. This movement began as a result of a chain of studies conducted at the Hawthorne facility of Western Electric in Chicago between 1924 and 1933. The purpose of the study was to conclude the effects of illumination on workers and their output. The studies pointed out the significance of the social interaction and work group on output and satisfaction. The human relations movement eventually around the mind 1960s became a branch and a contributor to the field of organizational behavior; because of this progress all the industrialists and peoples came to know that human beings are the most valuable assets of an organization.    Human Resource Management gets more into practice as people are acknowledging from HRD and HR practices and these departments are fulfilling all the requirements of the employees, are managing all human resource and are giving full rights to every one. Now in all successful organizations there are HRM departments Shifting from Personnel Management to HRM The significant role of HRM is reflected in the transformation of the personnel management purpose from one of concentrating on employee welfare to one of managing people in a way which matches organizational and individual goals and providing employees with intrinsic and extrinsic reward. Therefore today Human Resource Management is historically known as personal management which deals with official system for the management of the people within an organization. Different Stages of shifting from Personnel Management to HRM: First stage: HRM earlier react in an even way to problems as they arise. Effective HRM seeks to connection HRM issues to the largely strategy of the organization with the most effective HRM policies and practices included into such corporate policies and strategies to strengthen or transform an organizations culture. Integration is required in two senses (1) integrating HRM issues in an organizations strategic planning (2) securing the acceptance and addition of a HRM view in the decisions of line managers. The HRM policy in worth of the various functions for example training and recruitment etc should be internally reliable Second stage:-   structure powerful cultures is a way of promoting demanding organizational goals in that a strong culture is intended at uniting employees through a shared set of managerially authorized values such as excellence   service and innovation etc. However there can be anxious between a strong organizational culture and the need to change situations and to be elastic particularly in the highly competitive and fast changing environment in which employers have to work on daily basis. Speedy change demanded by the market is sometimes tough in an organization with a strong culture.   Third stage: The mind set that people are a changeable cost is in effectual HRM which is replaced by the view that people are a resource and that as community capital it can be developed and can add to competitive advantage. Mostly it is accepted that competitive advantage is gained through well educated and trained motivated and dedicated employees at all levels. This recognition is now almost considered worldwide and important of management training and growth are the middle pillars of HRM.    Fourth stage: The view that the interests of employees and management or shareholders are different and confliction though considerably true in the past as organization which practices effective human resource management seeks to classify and promote a commonality of interests. important examples are training which enhances employment security and high earning ability for employees while at the same time rising the employees value to the enterprise goals of healthier productivity and performance pay systems which increase earnings without important labor cost increases and which at the same time endorse higher performance levels goal setting through two way communication which establishes joined goals and objectives and which provides basic rewards to the employee through a participatory process.   Fifth stage: Top to down communication tied with restricted information flow to keep power within the control of management give a way for sharing of information and knowledge. This transform facilitates the creation of faith and commitment and makes knowledge more fruitful. Control from the top is in successful HRM being replaced by increasing employee contribution and policies the ways in which the larger Japanese enterprises have installed participatory schemes and introduced information distribution and two way communication systems are instructive in this view. In enterprises that tend to have company missions and where there are fundamental values that shape their corporate culture HRM becomes a part of the strategy to attain their objectives. In some types of enterprises such as one in which permanent technological change takes place the goal of successfully managing change at short intervals often requires employee collaboration through emphasis on communication and involveme nt. Shifting of personnel management to HRM took place in three stages:   1) Records and Administration 2) Accountability Regulations 3) Competitive Advantage 1) Records and Administration In first stage the main activities which were taken out by personnel department were plan Company picnics setting up vacations enroll workers for health are exposure planning retirement parties increase diverse workforce and contain health care cost. 2) Accountability Regulations During this phase most important framework of rules and regulations started rising in the company. In 1970 the duty of the HR manger was to keep their organizations out of court. In the 1980 HR mangers had to address staffing costs linked to mergers and acquisition and downsize.   The economic issues associated to an increasingly worldwide and completive workplace characterize the 1990. 3) Competitive Advantage The aim of this shift stage is from just securing fulfillment to the more determined one of winning promise. The employee resource therefore becomes worth investing in and training and development thus assume a top profile. These initiatives are linked with or even predicated upon a propensity to shift from a collective orientation to the management of the workforce to a distinctive one.    P 2: Assess the role, tasks and activities of the human resource practitioner Human resource management plays a vital role in the success of every organization. Human resource management is concerned with the development and implementation of human resource strategies which are integrated with corporate strategies to ensure that the culture values structure of the organization quality motivation and commitment of its members contribute fully for the achievement of organizational goals. In big organizations it plays a very important and positive role in its success however it is difficult to deal with all the activities. HRM makes the quality of work life desirable in the organization.   ROLES AND TASKS OF HR Manager HR manager plays an important role in developing and maintaining polices. HR manager should motivate employees to make them fruitful for the organization. HR manager should conduct recruitment process effectively and efficiently, so that the skillful people could hire for the organization. HR manger is responsible for increasing the skills of the employees to make their performance better. HR manager should make the standards of performance so that the employees performance can be judged. HR is responsible to make a good environment in which the employees can work effectively and efficiently. HR manager should keep aware the employees about new policies of the organization and guide them. HR manager should develop a leading edge for the effective management of the people to maintain competitive advantage. HR manager should recommend the strategic direction for employees and ensure its implementation. HR manager should co-ordinate the design, implementation and administration of human resource policies and activities to ensure the availability and effective utilization of human resources for meeting the companys objectives. An Ideal HR Manager HR managers are very important for any organization because they makes polices, develop strategies directing and coordinating human resource management. The most important responsibility of HR manager is interviewing and recruiting candidates. HR manager of MOBILINK should develop its people to work hard for higher standards. HR manager of MOBILINK have to make recruitments of best talent because humans are the basic tool for having competitive edge in the market for most of the organizations. They should analyze the performance level of the employees and if they find it below standards so they have to motivate them and give them training of developing their skills to be productive for the MOBILINK organization. HR manager have to make good relationship with different departments like marketing, operation and finance and make himself aware of new updates to to prevent miscommunication. P3:- Evaluate the role and responsibilities of line managers in human resource practices? The Different roles Responsibility of line manager Line manager plays an important role in the success of HR manager. Line manager should deliver the task and responsibilities on time to the senior management. Keep informing the management about the progress in the organization. Line manager should defend the company strategy or management strategy when talking to the work group. Clear appropriate picture to the work group to keep them informed of the rules and polices and have to look out the ways to become more efficient. Line manager should set tasks and standards for the employees. Line manager should also have to provide training and development to the employees when needed. Line manager should involve group people in decision making and to understand their needs and to motivate them. Should also provide reasons for decisions and represent the view and ideas of work force to higher authorities. Line manager should maintain the good environment. Line manager have to take the following points in mind in order to make their activit ies better.   Line manager should be a positive role model Line manager should be honest to others and help the employees and give guidance about their job. Line manager should have to speak against injustice. Line manager should be self confident. M1:- Discuss how the concepts of PM and HRM are practiced in an organization? We have selected MOBILINK as an organization. The HR mission statement of MOBILINK is given as To lead the organization in enhancing its human capital and creating a winning environment where everyone enjoys contributing to the best of ones ability. HR Practices and personnel management at Mobilink: These are few of the HR and personnel management practices Recruitment   Selection Training Development Compensation   Performance Appraisal System   Occupational Health and Safety measures   Career Planning and Development   Research and Development Reward Management Employee Relations Planning: Now after the emergence of new telecom companies in the market the market becomes more competitive and employees are less loyal to the company. Whenever they get any better opportunity than the existing one they go for that which is their right. Due to this fact MOBILINK do not have any formal strategy for succession planning. They do consider the people from inside but proper success plan is not practiced in MOBILINK these days. But now due to market trends they transformed new strategies according to the management that it is not useful to invest in the employee at a larger extent. They do develop their employees for their career planning but no formal success planning is practiced. Recruitment and Selection: In MOBILINK the requirement for the new job is communicated by the respective managers to the HR department. After that the HR department looks for the possibilities of internal and external recruitment. Internal Recruitment: In MOBILINK internal recruitment is done the higher grades like managers and directors. When there is a vacancy the HR department views the past performance of the employees working at lower levels and chooses the right one to promote him/her to that position. But if there is a vacancy for managerial position and none of the suitable employee is available with in the organization then external recruitment is carried out. EXTERNAL RECRUITMENT In external recruitment the duty of line manager is to prepare a form for the job about their need in the organization. Then the role profile of that job is dent to functional director by line manager after his approval it is forward to the HR department. HR manager confirms the availability of the budget required and the cost of the advertisement for that job. After than by forecasting budget along with job profile sent to HR director for his final approval. Line and HR manager again sit together for short listing the people and the following criteria is adopt by them. Quality of earlier schooling Extra curricular activities Marks obtained Overseas travel Age Relevant experience The HR department then issue letters to the short listed candidates along with blank application forms by time date and venue for the preliminary interview and candidates is asked to bring along completed application forms. A two-member panel of HR and line management carries out the interviews managerial functional and supervisory skills. After clearing the preliminary interviews, people apply for different jobs are tested in different ways by a panel of cross functional assessors in the case of management selection. Resource management Rational decision making Communication skills Creative thinking Business development Influencing The HR department is responsible for assessments training details o rumination packages and conditions of services. Prepare letter and finalize other documents. M2: Make an effective judgment about PM and line manager responsibilities in studied organization. HR helps LINE manager in offering them coaching creating managers role plays for meetings, and providing them toolkits to refer them. In MOBILINK Peshawar they do not have formal HR department and final recruitments are done at ISLAMABD head office. They do have informal set up for hiring internees and also perform the responsibilities of HR manager in coordination with other major departments. In MOBILINK Islamabad head office they have formal HR setups for making decisions for other regions as well. Strategies are there in MOBILINK for HR manager to provide help to LINE manager in performing their job. HR manager clarify the standards, expectations, performance goals and ask line boss for his feed back regularly. HR manager of MOBILINK look ways for line manager to get him out of jams and prevent him for making serious errors. There may be some conflicts between the priorities of HR and of line management, in this situation a manager has to work hard for identifying issues and makes alternative for addressing it. HR manager when presenting bad news, try to bundle it with good news also but be careful to avoid letting problems drag for extended periods of time waiting on good news to happen. Line managers and supervisors are responsible for enforcing and promoting the work environment of dignity. They must take every action to prevent the unsuitable behavior. Line managers and HR managers are expected to communicate clearly to their staff members about their policies of harassment, discipline etc. MOBILINK is considering having the best HR in PAKISTAN and they have retained this edge. According to the judgment the HR department of MOBILINK is achieving their desired results. They have a good relationship with the different departments like finance, marketing etc. D1: Evaluate the roles and responsibilities of HR manager and line manager in the organization as compared to their ideal role. The HR manager of MOBILINK is performing well against the ideal situation. HR manager is good in communication and makes people understand that what he is saying. Manager also has the knowledge of principles and procedure of recruitment and also effective and efficient in providing the services to customers and personnel. HR manager is a good speaker and also have the ability to recognize what the other person is saying and also have strong working relationship internally and externally. HR manager is pleasant with other employees on the job and displaying a cooperative attitude. The standard for the ideal manager are SELF MOTIVATION The person that the manager is hiring for the job has to be capable of doing work without the close supervision of the boss. Communication skills Confidence and personality plays important role in the abilities of manager to communicate. Manager should be capable of clear communication with their fellow managers customers and employees. GREAT CUSTOMER SERVICE SKILLS Manager should be excellent in dealing with clients and customers. Manager should have the skills to make the difficult customer happy. So in that way the organization can hold their customer and business can grow. CONFLICTS RESOLUTION Manager should be capable of handling conflict in the organization. Manager need to be calm and able to identify and listening issues discuss it resolve it and followed up. Its important for a follow up check to ensure there are no further problems. SETTING GOALS Manager need to focus on a specific goal and able to assign the tasks to the employees. RESPONSIBILITY Managers responsible for ensuring the tasks assignments and dead line needed to be met and hire appropriate people and handle the situation which tends to be profitable in the end. KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ORGANISATION A manager should have all the knowledge about the organization so that he/she would be capable of giving answers to their clients customers and staff members. LEADERSHIP SKILLS Managers should have strong leadership skills. Managers are the leaders in work place. Manager need to be a good speaker and assigning tasks. Manager should also be able of handling group of people and should lead the group or team in the right direction. D2: Suggest recommendations for realistic improvement against the defined Human resource is one of the most exciting and challenging departments of the organizations. People are very important in any organization. MOBILINK has a strong HR system and therefore we did not found many drawbacks in their HR practices. There are some but it can be better by little effort. RECOMMENDATIONS Following are some recommendations based upon our analysis. We observed that employees are not aware of their depth policies o the employee are lacking in the knowledge about policies which is the responsibility of HR manager to aware them. MOBILINK HR should have to monitoring and measuring employee s performance. HR lacks in terms of career planning and development so MOBILINK has to recognize this function in their policy statement. MOBILINK should have to increase in its recruitment sources so that they will not loose the potential candidates. HR manager should have to make clear communication with their lower staff which in terms makes the organization beneficial.

A film I have seen :: essays research papers

A film I have seen   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I’ve seen a lot of films, and with a lot of different genres. But I don’t think that romantic films are pretty good. They are too boring. The good films are action or comedy films, but the best films are action and com-edy films mixed together. That’s why I’ve chosen the film Taxi 2. It’s a French produced film, with a lot of action and comedy. It’s a pretty new film, and I saw it in the cinema last month. I’ve looked very much forward to see that film, because Taxi was very good too. It took only 5 weeks to get 10 mil-lion Frenchmen into the cinema. Just for watching Taxi 2. The film is taking place in Paris. Samy Naceri is playing the lead-ing role as Daniel. Daniel is an illegal taxi driver, because he hasn’t any driver license. In the intro to the film he is overtaking Jean-Louis Schlesser (former worlds best rally driver) and drives a lot faster than him, because he had a woman should who bear, on the backseat. Daniel has a girlfriend called Lily. She had invited Daniel for dinner, so the parents could see him. Her fa-ther is an army man. Under the dinner the father tells some long stories about his experiences in a war. Suddenly the red telephone rings, and he had to go to the airport to meet the Japanese Minister of Defence. The father had a chauffeur who should pick him up, but the chauffeur were involved in a car accident on the way, and Daniel must drive him to the airport. In the airport Daniel meets Émilien (Frà ©dà ©ric Diefenthal) and Chief Inspector Gibert (Ber-nard Farcy) who he already knows from Taxi 1. The Japanese Minister of Defence was coming to France to see a French project to fight against the crime, because Japan had some problems with the yakuza (the Japanese ma-fia). The French police had planned a tour in Paris, with some planned crime factors. But the yakuza is also making a factor and is kidnapping the Japanese Minister of Defence. Then they together are trying to get the Japanese Minis-ter of Defence back. At last they succeed, and everything is fine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I like the film very much. I think its one of the best films I’ve seen ever. The comedy in the film is just my humour, and the action was okay.

Several interesting facts

Remarkable English poet T. S. Eliot hardly could imagine that his poems for children â€Å"Old Possum’s Book of Practical Cats† will be known to millions of inhabitants of different continents as a basis of fantastic by its beauty classical musical â€Å"Cats† (music of well-known composer A. L. Webber).Musical â€Å"Cats† was so successful, that broke all records of theatrical longevity in Broadway and London. For the first time â€Å"Cats† were presented to spectators in New London Theater in West-End (May 11, 1981) and already 8 years later they held the first record: musical became the most â€Å"long-playing† performance in the history of British Theater. Musical is staged in London with unchangeable success after more then 8000 performances.In the long history of Broadway â€Å"Cats† – the only musical which was put on stage with unchangeable success for 18 years. From October 7 1982 this enchanting sight was presented for 7485 times. History of musical strikes with figures: musical was staged for more then 48 million people in 26 countries and 300 cities and profit from musical reached almost 2 milliards dollars.Show was presented at 10 languages, but always by its original name. It is interesting that questioning which made Mexican producers before start of the musical, stated that for spectators of any country word â€Å"Cats† doesn’t need translation. Musical â€Å"Cats† received the most prestigious theatrical awards: Oliver, Evening Standard, 7 Tony awards, Drama Desk, 7 national awards of Japan, 7 awards of Canada, etc.Why is musical â€Å"Cats† so attractive for millions of people with different tastes and predilections? What makes spectators, who saw the musical once, to see it again and over again? What is â€Å"Cats†?A bit of history.Actually, text and music plays great role in triumphal success of musical. In 1931 future Nobel Prize laureate T. S. Eliot started to write fairy-tale poems about cats for his small godsons. Old Possum, as he was called by his friends, managed to invent unusual names for cats and dogs of his friends. The book was published in 1939 and from those times it remains a favourite book for children and grown-ups, being re-edited in different languages and different countries.The idea to compose music for those poems came to composer Webber already in 1977. Webber liked those wonderful stories about cats, written in amazingly musical words, from his childhood, and composed several musical compositions for his friends. Some of them were presented with success during musical festival in Sidmonton, where Valerie Eliot got acquainted with Webber.She had shown to him unpublished poems from the book, particularly, poem about Grizabelle, which stroke Webber by dramatic image (Elliot didn’t include it into his book, because he considered it too sad for small children). In such a way idea to create a big musical- theatrical composition about fantastic world of cats, which relations remind human world of passions and contradictions, appeared.Phenomena of â€Å"Cats† consists of many components, main of which, except of wonderful lyrics and charming music, are professionalism and talent of director, producer, choreographer and designer. Famous producer Cameron Mackintosh liked the idea of Webber and musical was created in extremely short terms – 15 months.Mackintosh remembers several dramatic moments of that period: how prima of musical Judi Dench got trauma before the opening night; how long and without success they tried to find sponsors; how difficult was creation of mysterious enchanting spectacle from primary chaos.Trevor Nunn tells that he likes poems of Elliot – childish poems for grown-ups, where in descriptions of definite cats you can find satirical gentle hints to their owners and to the whole English society in common. Cats are similar to us, people. They charm us, maybe because they help to understand us in their mysterious way.Book of Eliot is a collection of separate small poems, which are not connected. People, who created musical, faced a problem to unite those poems into one whole and not to loose the original idea of author. The figure of Grizabelle became the main figure of musical – serious, touching and a bit tragic.Famous aria of Grizabelle â€Å"Memory† which is known also to those who never visited â€Å"Cats†, during first 6 months only more then 7000 times was heard over British radio, and in American radio more then 1 million times. Besides, to listen to the aria 1 million times, you’ll need 5 years. â€Å"Memory† was recorder 600 times by more then 150 singers, and Barbra Streisand and Johnny Mathis are among those singers; Placido Domingo also sang in together with Natalie Cole during his world concert tour.Difficult make-up, shaggy wigs and tails create fantastic gallery of actors, and each of actors has his own character. Colored skin-tight costumes don’t bother motion, and it is very important for such choreography. Unbelievable plastics strikes as well as easiness of motion, but this is a result of many hours of rehearsals. The next difficult task was creation of scenic stage.Designer John Napier changed the hall into â€Å"a big playground for cats†, which intrigues spectators before the musical starts. You’ll not find here usual division of scene and spectator’s rows. To create cats’ world Napier changed hall into a city scrap-heap, where all objects correspond to size of cats-actors (it means, they are several times bigger their own normal size). Not only in the stage, but also in the hall huge cans and tins, ragged tires, rusty bicycle wheels and kettles, spoiled shoes, etc (besides, quantity of objects is 2500 pieces!) are thrown in â€Å"picturesque† disorder.Over a long period of time inscription on a playbill o f Broadway theater Winter Garden said: â€Å"Cats – now and forever!†. â€Å"Cats† left Broadway, earned millions of dollars and won hundred thousands of spectators’ hearts all over the world. â€Å"Cats† is an exciting combination of mystery, magic, poetry and dance – continue their triumphal procession over the worlds, winning more and more fans after each stage. â€Å"Cats† is a delightful, admirable, glorious, charming, captivating, killing, delectable musical – a real masterpiece. It is the best musical which I managed to see in this genre. â€Å"Cats† – forever!

Fuel contracts with AACO (Arab Air Carrier Organization)

Fuel contracts with AACO (Arab Air Carrier Organization) Introduction In business, it is always wise to sit back, reflect on all the business activities, and determine if they are worthwhile. Suppliers are the major stakeholders of any business because they determine the production cost, as well as the profits that a company makes.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Fuel contracts with AACO (Arab Air Carrier Organization) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Oman airline is the company in discussion in this case. Like any other airline, fuel cost is the most significant input factor to consider in Oman airline. Currently, Oman airline’s fuel requirements approximate to about 140Million USG annually. According to current reports, Oman airline consumed USG 80,997,662 between January and July this year, where, the airline spent OMR 96,166,247. Oman air does not have direct contracts with fuel suppliers as its contracts are made through AACO (Arab Air Carriers Organization). A time has come for Omar airline management team to sit back and asses the strengths and weaknesses they endure for purchasing jet fuel through AACO. This paper will provide the management team with the needed information. Strengths in purchasing jet fuel through ACCO ACCO has a high purchasing power, and thus gets jet fuel at discounted prices. The discounted prices trickle down the customers, where, Omar airline is able to obtain jet fuel at discounted prices. ACCO has superior experience and strong connections with suppliers, and it can easily interact and negotiation with the regulatory bodies to support and protect the interests of the Arab airlines. ACCO has the capacity to launch joint projects between member airlines to lower the costs of jet fuel in a consistent and efficient manner to the advantage of all its customers. ACCO can connect and outsource fuel from suppliers located far off during shortages. Therefore, Omar airline does not suffer from jet fuel shortages ACCO is a big contactor that connects many counties. ACCO’s powerfulness influences the jet fuel pricing in oil producing countries to the advantage of Oman airline and other customers. ACCO acts as the umbrella that covers all its customers. It imports and exchanges new experiences and act as the benchmark to compare the competitiveness of the jet fuel prices. Weaknesses in purchasing jet fuel through ACCO Oman airline is weakened by the fact that ACCO offers 1-year contracts. Renewal of contracts on a yearly basis is a tedious exercise that would mean an increase in jet fuel prices. Oman airline purchases low volumes of jet fuel from ACCO, and thus, it does not benefit from the discounted prices. AACO enjoys the monopoly power, where, it only tenders out contracts to stations with more than one vendor. Oman is disadvantaged because it does not have vendors. Oman airline is weakened by the fact that ACCO does not offer total solution strategies. In case of dispute between the s upplier and the airline, ACCO plays a very limited role, where, the airline has to suffer all the consequences of the dispute. There is no concrete control of the pre-qualification, leakage of information or documentation of transactions, which highly weakens Oman air and other airlines. In fact, membership into AACO is free for any airline and this negatively affects the existing airlines because additional members reduce their bargaining power. Conclusion From the above analysis, it is noteworthy that Omar airline endures a number of weaknesses for purchases jet fuel though ACCO. If Omar airline considers withdrawing from AACO, it would directly deal with fuel suppliers, negotiate package deals and negotiate for long-term price contracts of up to 3 years.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Withdrawing from AACO rules and regulations would bring freedom from suppre ssion for Omar airlines. While it may seem difficult at the start, Omar airline would experience increased profits in the end.

12 Book Marketing Mistakes Every Author Needs to Ban in 2019

12 Book Marketing Mistakes Every Author Needs to Ban in 2019 12 Book Marketing Mistakes to Ban in 2019 Since the birth of Reedsy, we've had the chance to work with thousands of authors, helping them get their books out there in the most professional possible form - and to sell them.For many authors, selling a book is even harder than writing it. But whether you're self- or traditionally published, learning to market and sell your work is a key factor in author success. In this post, our co-founder Ricardo Fayet shares the 12 most common marketing mistakes he's observed in the past few years.  To make sure you aren't tripped up by these common traps, read on... Which of the 12 most common book marketing mistakes did you make in 2019? #pubtips 1. You’re marketing to everyoneMost of the time, when I ask authors who their book is for, they’ll tell me about their genre: â€Å"It’s for teenagers who are into Fantasy,† for example. Or sometimes, I’ll get an age group: â€Å"It’s for middle-aged women.† It’s not uncommon to hear â€Å"everyone† either.There are two big problems with this. First, you’re setting unrealistic expectations. Unless you come up with the next Harry Potter, not every teenager will read your book. It’s much more likely that only an infinitesimally small portion of them will. Learn more about how Reedsy can help you craft a beautiful book.Which of these traps have you encountered while self-publishing? Or do you disagree, and think that they're not mistakes at all? Let us know what you think and share your experiences marketing your book in the comments below.

Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 9

Final - Essay Example For example, when the British and USA drones are physically present in Afghanistan, control is through satellite from USAF base outside Las Vegas, Nevada. When launched in the conflict zone, controllers carry out the operation on video screens in specially designed trailers stationed at Nevada desert. One controller ‘flies’ the drone, another operates the sensors, cameras and monitors just like a video game while the third person is in contact with the ground troops and commanders in the war zone. The CIA has been using drones in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iraq to assassinate terrorist leaders, most notably the Al-Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden. At least 36 American armed UAVS are present over Afghanistan and Iraq airspaces at any particular time. Many people have confused the non-flying robots for drones thereby further confusing their benefits and liabilities. Drones have several benefits among them Safety; they have greatly reduced military casualties since they carry no one. They are also significantly cheaper to purchase, fuel, operate and maintain than regular airplanes. Drones carry less risk to the military hardware since they are smaller and can fly much lower than the traditional airplanes. They have longer operational hours without fatigue since they have no human pilots. Besides, drone pilots or operators can easily hand off drone controls without any operational downtime (Collard, 2013). They are very accurate with pinpoint accuracy over great distances thus reducing collateral damage to infrastructure and civilians. Drones are also very lethal to enemy combats than regular airplanes. They have greatly increased surveillance process, reconnaissance, and general military intelligence through spying. Lastly, they a re easier and faster to deploy than most of the military alternatives. Some of the liabilities of drones include limited abilities since they cannot communicate with civilians for detailed

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Education - Essay Example After the final work, you will find the areas in your work I edited. The ideas I added are typed in RED to make you spot the new additions. I have also attached one more article that I used. If your teacher requests for it, you may provide it to him. Thank you and hoping we work again in the nearest future since my field is Education. Isaac #72032 TUI UNIVERSITY Grear Dale III MAE 515 MOD 3 SLP Dr. Xiaoying Wu February 21, 2011 Texas Public School System Education is an important aspect of society. In the view of Goer (2007), education has an enormous impact on the human society. It trains the human mind to think and take the right decision. To this effect, human is regarded as a rational being and distinguished from other animals when he is educated to take control of himself and over the environment around him. Education therefore equips humankind with the knowledge to take charge over his immediate environment and make it suitable for his existence. It is for the reason of this im mense impact of education that States all over the world adapt educational systems that will be most suitable to the needs of its citizens and help solve the immediate problems of its people. To ensure that the adapted educational system meets the expectation of society, there are systems put in place to check for success and progress of the entire educational system. Checking for success of the educational system includes checking whether the curriculum answers the most immediate perturbing issues of society and whether stakeholders in the educational system; including students and teachers are living up to the standards of the educational system. The system that is used for checking whether the educational system is up to standard is commonly referred to as assessment. In the State of Texas, the public school system is one of the most esteemed forms of education. Texas’ public school system continues to use a variety of assessments in which to evaluate curriculum and teache rs/instructors. Assessments are conducted by students in determining where their school ranks within districts throughout the state. The rankings are not always used in a positive manner. Some assessments are in an attempt to solicit student enrollment into certain school districts. The State of Texas’ overall intent for its ranking procedure and policies is also used to promote schools as Magnet schools, which is a positive step to improve student outcomes. Magnet schools throughout the state of Texas receive much more funding regular schools. It focuses on special funding for special programs and compensation to teachers/instructors who deliver their curriculum to a certain standard. It is noticeable that the typical standard school receives far less funding and therefore students are less likely to receive the same standard of education. The intent of this analysis is to compare certification programs and evaluation requirements for teachers as well as students within the state of Texas school districts. What is a Magnet School? The article â€Å"Public School Review,† suggest that the difference between a Magnet and regular public schools â€Å"is that they usually have something special to offer over a regular school, which makes attending Magnet schools an attractive choice to many students, thereby increasing the diversity of the student population within them.† (Chen, 2007) Students who are privileged to enroll in Magnet schools

Explication of the global social issue mini documentary Research Paper

Explication of the global social issue mini documentary - Research Paper Example d in the Middle East as well as criticism that the war targets the Islam community whereby Islamic religion is practiced in the region (Felicity & David, 2004). The war in Afghanistan has been criticized for lack of strategic clarity and over-generalized objectives. Most war analysts believe that the US military administration may learn the significance of strategy from the movie â€Å"300:Rise of an Empire†., the US military department must identify the appreciation for tactical prowess and the insurgency and the significant role of multinational organizations provision of intelligence information (Brad, 2014). Understanding the financial impact of the military strategy on the war against terror has significant benefits, especially to military policy makers in the US and other nations. In this regard, the US military has implemented unique military strategies and limited terrorism fighting objects may annihilate terrorism and promote global peace. However, economics scholars have acknowledged the significance of technology, and adequate funding of the military in the war against terrorism adequate research on the significance of adequate war strategies has often been ignored (Soni, Robin & Janet, 2003). The main objectives of this research are to identify the correlation between adequate military strategies and war success based on the film â€Å"300:Rise of an Empire†. Additionally, the research will also seek to determine the application of the strategies learn in the film about the US war against terrorism. The United States government has initiated several policies in dealing with constantly increasing trade deficits. Recently the president announced that the government would improve the morale and productivity of its employees by maintaining the social safety net for the next twenty years, a step that strains the current and retired employees. Policy that ensures the stabilization of the trade debt through the aging of all baby boomers and individuals

ELL Schools and Families Essay Example for Free

ELL Schools and Families Essay The population of English Language Learners (ELL) are increasing in educational institutions primarily influenced by globalization and immigration. It has been projected that within the coming years, the percentage of children attending educational institutions in the country shall be non-English speakers. The term ELL is brought about by the shift in the English language-learning paradigm that represents the trend in language acquisition. (Bank Street) The increasing population of ELL’s are putting pressures on the educational atmosphere as educational institutions are forced to alter their curriculum to accommodate the needs and concerns of the learners. (Abedi, 2002) Integrating a program for ELL’s in the school setting is a great challenge for the educational institution, the teacher, the learner, and one’s family. Teaching non-English speakers who are not able to both understand and speak the language is more difficult than teaching English speakers the rules of the language are, for instance. Challenges include the need for educational institutions to implement a curriculum that fits the requirements of the ELL’s. Teachers, on the other hand need to be aware of the appropriate techniques and strategies that would be efficient in the success of language accommodation and acculturation. For learners, engaging in an unfamiliar environment is not motivating them to eagerly learn. (Mercuri, 2003) To address the problems and concerns that ELL’s face in the learning environment, society looks to the involvement of the family in order to strengthen the school as an institution that fully supports English language learners. (Collier Thomas, 1999) Family involvement play a significant role during the learning process of ELL’s. According to a research conducted in order to determine guidelines that the No Child Left Behind Act shall implement, the involvement of family members to school activities such as programs that aims to promote development of academic standing and preparation for the next level of English language learning increases the chance of successes that a learner shall be able to accomplish. This is because families understand the needs and the difficulties of their children, and are also able to see their progress with regards to academics, pushing them to encourage, support, and value learning as an integral part of their children’s success. (Epstein, 2004) Moreover, it is the responsibility of the school to build a relationship with the family of the learner in order to inform them of the developmental stages and the changes that the children are going to experience, as they grow older. This particular knowledge gives families the idea of how to build a supportive home environment that boosts learning. This particular interaction between the school and the family allows the educational institution to understand the cultural background of families and determine their goals and objectives for their children when it comes to English language learning. (Epstein, 2004) Providing a supportive sociocultural environment is at the heart of tapping into the potential of ELL’s to benefit largely from the English language learning program. Interaction between the educational institution and the families contributes to this objective. Looking at their parents interact with the members of the educational institution motivates learners to build relationships with the institution as well, without any apprehensions as brought about by fear of cultural rejection. (Collier Thomas, 1999) An article written by Rhona Barton for the Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory discovers cases wherein active involvement of parents leads to academic success of the learners, especially in socially interacting within the school environment. (Barton, 2006) Educational institutions with English language learning programs do not necessarily implement the use of the English language at home, as decisions regarding the matter are based on cultural considerations. Schools should consider the importance of native language to ELL’s and their families. However, the continued use of English at home and the support of the family when it comes to home language speeds up the learning process, schools still acknowledge that the ELL’s are aware of language learning based on their knowledge of their native language. (Ortiz, 2001) Schools should also provide alternatives for families in order for them to adjust or cope with the changes that ELL affects within their family life. Schools should inform them of educational options such as tutorial services that are made available at home or in schools, support groups within the community that assists families in their needs and concerns regarding the issue of English language learning. Family counseling is also an option as it allows medical professionals to help in determining problems or obstacles that the family shall be facing, and strengthening family relationships in order to withstand the challenges of immersing into a community and cultural environment that they are not familiar with. For specific problems such as financial aspect of English language learning, the federal government entitles families to funding as authorized by the federal Title I funding program. (Ortiz, 2001) Partnership of educational institutions with families are best established through communication and social interaction. Schools should be able to develop and maintain a stable relationship with the families that is primarily grounded on the objective of affecting learning and making ELL’s experience success within the unfamiliar learning environment. Moreover, through this, schools are enriched and enlightened with the knowledge of different cultural backgrounds within the school environment and be able to modify the learning atmosphere to fit the culture, beliefs, and traditions of non-English speakers. Teachers should be able to communicate the needs and concerns of ELL’s to their families, in order for them to understand how they are going accommodate the needs of their children who are involved in English language learning. Schools should establish regular meetings with the teachers, and ask them to get involved with programs and school activities that harness English language learning and support the need of their children to learn the English language. If possible, home visitations are one of the best ways to establish a strong foundation of relationship between the school and the families. (Barton, 2006) References Abedia, J. (2002). â€Å"Assessment and Accommodation of English Language: Issues, Concerns, and Recommendations. † Retrieved May 1, 2008, from NCA Commission on Accreditation and School Improvement. Website: http://www. ncacasi. org/jsi/2002v3i1/assessment Bank Street. (2008). â€Å"English Language Learners: Working with Children Whom English is a New Language. † Retrieved May 1, 2008, from Bank Street. Website: http://www. bnkst. edu/literacyguide/ell. html Barton, R. (2006). â€Å"Forging Family Ties. † Retrieved May 2, 2008, from Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory. Website: http://www. nwrel. org/nwedu/11-03/forge/ Collier, V. P. Thomas, W. P. (1999). â€Å"Making U. S. Schools Effective for English Language Learners, Part 3. † TESOL Matters, Vol. 9, No. 6. Retrieved May 1, 2008, from TESOL. Website: http://www. tesol. org/s_tesol/sec_document. asp? CID=196DID=826 Epstein, J. (2004). â€Å"Meeting NCLB Requirements for Family Involvement. † Middle Ground, Vol. 4, No. 3. Retrieved May 1, 2008, from National Middle School Association. Website: http://www. nmsa. org/portals/0/pdf/publications/On_Target/family_involvement/family_9. pdf Mercuri, S. (2003). â€Å"Helping Middle and High School Age English Language Learners Achieve Academic Success. † NABE Journal of Research and Practice. Retrieved May 1, 2008. Website: http://www. uc. edu/njrp/pdfs/freeman. pdf Ortiz, A. (2001). â€Å"English Language Learners With Special Needs: Effective Instructional Strategies. † Retrieved May 2, 2008, from CAL. Website:

Why Dont You Dance Essay -- English Literature Raymond Carver

Why don't you dance The story is set in suburban America in the 1970'es. The main character, who remains nameless throughout the whole story, hast just moved his whole bedroom out into the street, lamps plugged in and all. The time is backed by the appliances - the boy turns on the TV set and makes minor adjustments, and you get the feeling, that he is turning the knobs to get a sharp picture. Also, in the seventies, everybody had a TV but it was still, as it is today, a rather big expense. The characters are: The man (the main character), the girl and the boy, who is the only character in our story to be called by his name, Jack. The man is middle-aged. In the beginning of the story, he brings out a lot of things from his home, and most of them are gifts. The nature of the things, suggests that they are wedding presents (a box of silverware, a record player, a muslin cloth). These are typically things you would get a couple of newly-weds for their shared home. Something has happened to his wife leading the man to put his life and sorrow of his lost wife on dis...

F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

Nick Carraway Nick Carraway is the narrator of the entire novel, he is also the protagonist of his own plot. He is a practical and conservative man who turns thirty during the course of the story. Raised in a small town in the Midwest, in New York he is in the bond business. He rents a small bungalow out from the city on a fashionable island known as West Egg. His next door neighbor is Jay Gatsby, and his distant cousin, Daisy Buchanan, lives across the bay with her husband, Tom. Nick plays an important role in the main plot of the novel, for he is responsible for reuniting Gatsby and Daisy. Jay Gatsby Jay Gatsby is one of the most interesting and memorable characters in this novel. Born as James Gatz to poor farmers in North Dakota, he decided at an early age that he wanted more out of life than North Dakota could offer. Gatsby comes to the East Coast after the war and makes a fortune in bootlegging and other questionable business activities due to the help of characters such as Meyer Wolfsheim. He buys a mansion on West Egg, in order to be directly across the bay from Daisy Buchanan. He gives his wild, extravagant parties and drives his flashy automobiles in hopes of attracting Daisy's attention. She becomes his reason for being and Gatsby never loses sight of his dream and often reaches out to the green light at the end of Daisy's dock. After Nick arranges for Daisy and Gatsby to meet again, the two become close again. Gatsby believes that she loves him as much as he loves her and that she is going to leave Tom and be with him. Gatsby is murdered by George Wilson, who believes t hat Gatsby murdered his wife, Myrtle Wilson. Daisy Fay Buchanan Daisy is an attractive, wealthy, and shallow lady with luscious voice, which seems to have a sound of wealth. Daisy is wealthy and comes from a prominent family in Louisville. She marries the very wealthy Tom Buchanan. Daisy is a bored and careless woman. She is incapable of entertaining herself and wonders what she will do with her life for the next thirty years. Although she is the mother of a young daughter, she is incapable of any depth of maternal feelings. Tom Buchanan Tom is Daisy's wealthy husband. He is a shallow, egotistical, rude man and the living personification of the shallowness and carelessness of the wealthy He plays with cars and race horses, has many affairs, and treats Daisy like a meaningless object.

Three Kingdom Essay

Analyse the significance during the Three Kingdoms reign in China. The Three Kingdom period consists of the Kingdom of Wei, Kingdom of Shu and Kingdom of Wu. As a single dynasty, the Three Kingdoms Period originated in 220 AD when the Kingdom of Wei replaced the Eastern Han Dynasty which took place in 25 AD-220 AD. The Three Kingdom dynasty ended at 280 AD when the Kingdom of Wu was defeated by the Court of Jin. It is considered to be a special historical period full of power struggles and sophisticated military strategies, which some methods are still used today in modern warfare.Much can be said to justify their significance during their existence and their affects towards China during their reign. Religion would be one of the factors that contributed in China throughout this period. Buddhism had already arrived in China in the mid of Han Dynasty and brought up of its first congregation in southern China at the court of Prince of Chu. Buddhism was originally introduced in China wit h the development of the Silk Road when monks travelled with merchants.There was a need amongst the population for a belief with spiritual meanings. Hence, Buddhism took roots in China during this era. This religion was unique from other religions during the time. This new religion covered all people rich or poor, Chinese or not. Buddhist temples were constructed within the three kingdoms and thus millions of Chinese converted into Buddhism and which affected China greatly. Majority of the population in China were Buddhists. Till this day, Buddhism is recognised greatly.Architecture found new challenges in the construction of Buddhist pagodas and temples and in the monastery grottoes in the north. The Yungang cave temples are evident that Temples existed and were built during the Three Kingdoms reign. Archaeologist proved that these temples were built during the time because of the unearthed relics found on the site of these temples which dated back to the Three Kingdom period. The economy during the reign of these three kingdoms, chaos caused by war between these countries damaged the economic development of the three kingdoms.In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, also due to natural disasters, the economy was badly depressed, leading to the massive waste of farmland. Because of the collapse of the imperial court, newly minted coins never made their way into currency. Those worn copper coins were not melted and reminted and many privately minted coins appeared. Due to the collapse of the currency, China officially declared silk cloth and grains as their main currencies in 221 AD. The significance of status was well reflected during the three kingdoms.Status affected China greatly in the Southern Kingdom. They established a civil service system based on social ranks to determine the value of a person to contribute to the prosperity of the Wei. However, this system failed since the social status of a person and family affiliations would be unfair for those with a hi gher status, as they are more advantaged to those who are in a lower class than them, such as commoners and slaves. Aristocrats would marry only within their social rank or higher and gained large estates and financial wealth.Thus categorizing Chinese civilians into socio status in either rich or poor. Nobles were given high salaries and were excluded from paying taxes. However, because these rich families can afford education, literature, painting, poetry and culture, these practices became popular which helped their economy rise. The northern Kingdom improved Chinese culture and introduced strict reforms which strengthened the Chinese empire. The emperor of China had many officials and advisors which adapted a unifying Chinese style for clothes and accessories, interior designs, landscaping and even cuisine.One of the major significance that affected China was that it was the first Kingdoms to adopt traditional Chinese as the official language. This affected China immensely as Chi na had now adapted to its own official language which is still spoken today. Despite some of the negative impact of China’s economy, there were many significant advances on technology and science such as high level of military strategies with the invention of gunpowder for fireworks and gun. Smelting and metal works also became popular and was improved greatly during this period as armies were more gained more power.Improvements in other social factors were also significant such as the invention of the wind mill for irrigation, silk developments in Luoyang and Henan and Shu Kingdom’s irrigation and canal system. Machines were also constructed for food processing and transport. Brewing also became more refined because of the advances of food processors. Although crossbows had been in use for hundreds of years before this time, its design and model during this era is unknown. The crossbow used during this time period is more likely used in large group of marksmen deploye d to fire waves of bolts onto enemies from afar.The crossbow itself has superior range than normal bows. Thus it becomes more commonly used like an artillery purpose than sniping. Crossbows have been in use in China since the Zhou dynasty over 700 year earlier. In the later years, the great strategist and inventor Zhuge Liang had devised a more complicated platform. A multiple bolt firing crossbow and a semi-automatic crossbow was created to be used as an anti-personnel weapon. In terms of population the Wei was by far the strongest, retaining more than 660,000 households and 4,400,000 people within its borders.Shu had a population of 940,000, and Wu 2,300,000. Thus, Wei had more than 58% of the population and around 40% of territory. With these resources, it is estimated that it could raise an army of 400,000 whilst Shu and Wu could manage 100,000 and 230,000 respectively: roughly 10% of their registered populations. The Wu-Shu alliance against the Wei proved itself to be a militar ily stable configuration; this affected China for more than forty years as the population was unchanging during the time.In conclusive, the significance of the Three Kingdoms reign resulted in China’s technological advances like weaponry and the invention of the windmill which are evident through secondary sources. Religion also affected China during the Three Kingdom period as it was greatly recognised throughout China which is evident through archaeological structures like the temples that were built. Christina Lam Ung BIBLIOGRAPHY Hucker, C 1975, China’s Imperial Past, Stanford University Press http://www. chinapage. com/calligraphy/sushi/shu. html http://www. historyforkids. rg/learn/china/architecture/3kingdomsarchitecture. htm http://threekingdoms. com/ http://polaris. gseis. ucla. edu/yanglu/ECC_HISTORY_THREE%20KINGDOMS. htm http://www. buddhanet. net/e-learning/buddhistworld/china-txt. htm http://www. history-of-china. com/three-kingdoms/ http://www. chinaknowl edge. de/History/Division/jin-arts. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Records_of_the_Three_Kingdoms http://polaris. gseis. ucla. edu/yanglu/ECC_HISTORY_THREE%20KINGDOMS. htm http://www. chinavoc. com/history/threeking. htm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Empty_Fort_Strategy